THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

       THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

The Female reproductive system consists of ovaries along with a pair of oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina and the external genitalia located in pelvic region. In females, the ovaries are the primary sex organ that produce female gamete(ovum) and hormones(ovarian hormones).These parts along with a pair of mammary glands are structurally and functionally to support ovulation, fertilisation , pregnancy, birth and child care.

The ovaries are located on each side of lower abdomen. Each ovary is 2-4 cm in length and is connected to pelvic wall and uterus by ligaments called Mesovarium. Each ovary is covered by a thin layer of epithelium tissue which encircles the ovarian stroma. The stroma is divided into two zones -a peripheral cortex and an inner medulla. The cortex is the main region in ovary where formation of female gamete takes place. here, mainly gamete mother cell(Oogonium) are formed which results in female gamete. The medulla layer only consists of blood vessels.



CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW OF OVARY

The oviduct(fallopian tubes),uterus and vagina constitute the female accessory ducts . Each fallopian tube is about10-12 cm long and extends from periphery of ovary to uterus. The part closer to ovary is funnel shaped infundibulum. The edge of infundibulum possess finger like projections called fimbriae, which helps in collection of ovum after ovulation. The infundibulum leads to a wider part of oviduct called ampulla. The last part of oviduct ,isthmus has a narrow lumen and it joins the uterus.

NOTE : In humans, only male gamete is motile .So , How a female gamete moves from ovary to oviduct? It happens because the wall of oviduct consist of ciliated epithelium cells which moves the ovum to uterus. 


FEMALE PELVIS

The uterus is single and is also called womb. The shape of uterus is like an inverted pear shape. It is supported by ligaments in pelvic wall. The uterus opens into vagina through a narrow cervix. The cavity of cervix is called cervical canal. The cervical canal along with vagina is called birth canal. The wall of uterus has three layers of tissue. The external thin membranous perimetrium, middle thick layer of smooth muscle called myometrium, and inner glandular  layer called endometrium, that lines uterine cavity. The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes during menstrual cycle while myometrium exhibits strong contraction during delivery of baby.



    

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

THE FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA

Image
THE FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA The female external genitalia includes mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora , hymen and clitoris. The first layer is mons pubis which is a cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair. Inside that labia majora layers are present which are fleshy folds tissue, which extends down from mons pubis to vagina opening. Then labia minora are paired folds of tissue under labia majora. The opening of vagina is covered partially by a membrane called hymen. The clitoris is a tiny figure-like structure which lies at the upper junction of two labia minora above urethral opening. NOTE : The clitoris is the female erectile tissue which gets broad when female orgasm happens or during intercourse. FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA The hymen often torn during the first coitus(intercourse). However, it can be broken by sudden fall or jolt, during insertion of vaginal tampon, active participation in sports like horseback riding, cycling, etc. In some female, hymen persist
Read more

Male Sex Accessory Ducts

Image
 Male Sex Accessory Ducts Now we will familiar with some male sex accessory ducts includes rete testis,vasa efferentia, epididymis and vas deferens.The seminiferous tubules of the testis open into rete rete testis and passes through vasa efferentia.Which duct in male sex organ takes sperm out of testes? The vasa efferentia leaves the testis and opens in epididymis which is located on posterior surface of each testis.The epidydymis leads to vas deferens that goes to abdomen and loops over urinary bladder.                             Showing Accessory duct and glands From here starts the male sex accessory glands.Vas deferens receives a  duct from seminal vesicles and open into urethra as ejaculatory duct.It also secrete some amount of semen in urethra.Then comes a Prostate gland which also secrete its substance.And finally a pair of  Bulbourethral gland secrete its substances along with sperm. *  FORMATION OF SPERM :  Seminiferous Tubule *  TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF SPERM :  Accessory Du
Read more